Monday, April 7, 2014
Tuesday, March 25, 2014
2 marks questions and answers for web technologies
1. DEFINE INTERNET .
Network is an interconnection of systems to share data and information. Internet is network of
network or collection of heterogeneous networks.
2. WHAT IS THE USE OF IP ADDRESSES AND PORTS?
It is very difficult to remember the IP address of each and every node. It order to avoid this
problem domain names are used. Example googl.com, rediff.com etc.
PORTS
Ports are used in receiving and sending data to another server or client.
Example for port numbers
Protocol Port Protocol Purpose
Echo 7 TCP/UDP Echo is a test protocol used to verify that 2 machines
1. are able to connect by having one echo back the
Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)
Internet layer (IP) Physical path(Ethernet, FDDI
etc) other‘s input.
Discard 9 TCP/UDP Discard is a less useful test protocol in which all
data
2. received by the server is ignored.
FTP 21
SMTP 25
HTTP 80
POP3 110
NTP 119 Usenet News transfer is more formally known as the
Network News Transfer Protocol
RMI Registry 1099 This is the registry service for Java Remote
Objects.
3. MENTION THE DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRESS CLASS AND IT’S RANGE.
Internet addresses are assigned to different organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
ISP – Internet Service Providers gives a block addresses.
Class C address block specifies the first 3 bytes of address, for example 199.1.32. This allows
room for 254 individual addresses from 199.1.32.1 to 199.1.32.254
Class B address specified only the first 2 bytes of the addresses .
There are also Class D and E addresses are used for IP multicast group.
4. DEFINE FIREWALL.
The hardware and software that sits between the Internet and the local network, checking all the
data that comes and goes out is called ―firewalls‖. The security is provided using SSL(Secure
Socket Layer) in internet.
5. DEFINE PROXY SERVERS
Proxy servers are related to firewalls prevents hosts on a network from making direct connections
to the outside world, a proxy server can act as a go-between. Thus a machine that is prevented
from connecting to the external network by a firewall would make a request for a web page from
the local proxy server instead of requesting the web page directly from the remote web server.
6. WHAT IS THE USE OF HTTP PROTOCOL?
HTTP is a standard protocol that defines how a web client talks to a server and how data is
transferred from the server back to the client. HTTP relies heavily on two other standards.
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), HTML
7. WHAT IS THE USE OF MIME?(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
MIME is a way to encode different kinds of data, such as sound and text, to be transmitted over
a 7-bit ASCII connection. It also lets the recipient know what kind of data has been sent, so that
it can be displayed properly. MIME was originally designed to facilitate multimedia email and to
provide an encoding that could get binary data past the most train –damaged mail transfer
programs.
MIME is an open standard for sending multipart, multimedia data through Internet email. MIME
was originally intended for email, it has become a widely used technique to describe a file‘s
contents so that client software can tell the difference between different kinds of data.
8. DEFINE URL & URN.
URL
Uniform Recourse Locator is a way to unambiguously identify the location of a resource on the
Interned.
URI Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of characters in a particular syntax that identifies a
resource.
The resource identified may be a file on a server, but it may also be an email address, a news
message, b book, a person‘s name, an Internet host.
Syntax
Scheme: scheme-specific-part
Scheme types
data – base 64 encoded data included directly in a link
file – A file on a local disk
FTP – An FTP server
gopher – a Gopher server
mailto – an email address
news – A Usenet newsgroup
Telnet – A connection to a Telnet based service (only used in Remote Login System)
urn – Uniform Resource Name
9. EXPLAIN ABOUT URN
There are 2 types of URLs.
URL – Unform Resource Locaters (is a pointer to a particular resource on the Internet at a
particular location.)
URNs – Uniform Resource Name (is a name for a particular resource but without reference to a
particular location)
SYNTAX OF URN
urn:namespace:resource-name
namespace - is the name of a collection of certain kinds of resources maintained by some
authority.
resource-name – is the name of a resource within that collection.
10. WHAT IS MEANT BY RELATIVE URL?
URLs that are not complete but inherit pieces from their parent are called relative URL.
In contrast, a completely specified URL is called an absolute URL address.
11. EXPLAIN ABOUT SGML – STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE
· HTML is an instance of SGML.
· SGML is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard, specifically ISO
8879:1986.
· SGML allows the user to create various user defined tags easily without any rules.
EXAMPLE 1 – FOR PRODUCT DETAILS
<PRODUCT MANUFACTURER=‖ABC COMPANY‖> -Assumed as record name
<NAME> KEY BOARD </NAME>
<TYPE> KEY BOARD </TYPE>
<PRICE> 1500 </PRICE>
</PRODUCT>
12. EXPLAIN ABOUT XML – EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
· Similar to SGML
· Allows the user to create any number of user defined tags.
· The value of an attribute may be enclosed in double of single quotes like this:
· <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> THIS IS CENTERED H1 HEADING </H1>
· STYLES can be introduced for XML program like CSS using XLS file(XML Style Sheet
program)
· Here XML styles are saved with an extension of .xls (XML style sheet)
· Using .xls files various styles can be given to the data which is inside the XML program.
13. LIST THE STEPS FUNCTIONS OF HTTP PROTOCOL.
Standard protocol for communication between web browsers and web servers.
HTTP specifies how a client and server establish a connection, how the client requests data from the
server, how the server responds to that request, and finally how the connection is closed.
HTTP 1.0 is the currently accepted version of the protocol. It uses MIME to encode data. The basic
protocol defines a sequence of 4 steps for each request from a client to the server.
Making the connection
Making a request
Receiving the response
Closing the connection
14. WHAT IS DOMAIN & MENTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMAINS
Domain is a place where information is available.
DOMAIN NAME EXTENSION
.edu – Servers that provide Educational services
.gov – About the government of a country.
WEBTECHNOLOGY
.mil – Servers that provide military information.
.org – Provide information about the organizations in the world.
.com – Servers providing commercial services on the Internet.
15. WRITE THE FORMAT OF HTML PROGRAM
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> This is the Title </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
…. Type the body of the program
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note: All the tags in HTML program are optional, however the file should be saved in .html
extension.
16. MENTION SOME TEXT FORMATTING TAGS
<p> </p> - is used for introducing various paragraphs.
<br> - this tag is used for giving an empty blank line.
HEADING TAGS - <h1> </h1> .. <h6> </h6> is used to introduce various headings.
<h1> is the biggest and h6 is the smallest heading tag.
<HR> TAG – is used to draw lines and horizontal rules.
<B>,<I>,<U> for bold, italic and underline respectively.
17. EXPLAIN ABOUT LIST TAG.
TYPES OF LISTS
Unordered lists
Ordered lists
UNORDERED LISTS
It starts with <ul> and ends with </ul>
Attributes of Unordered lists
―A‖ will give A,B,C..
―a‖ will give a,b,c
―I‖ starts with Capital roman letters I,II,II…
―I‖ starts with small case roman letters
START: Alters the numbering sequence, can be set to any numeric value
VALUE: Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an ordered list
EXAMPLE
<OL TYPE = ―1‖ START = 5>
<LI> CSE </LI>
<LI> IT </LI>
</OL>
OUTPUT
5 CSE
6 IT
18. EXPLAIN THE ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG WITH AN EXAMPLE
A table is a two dimensional matrix, consisting of rows and columns. All table related tags are
included between <TABLE> </TABLE> tags.
<TABLE>
<TH> Heading </TH>
<TR> Row elements </TR>
<TD> Table data values </TD>
</TABLE>
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG
ALIGN Horizontal alignment is controlled by the ALIGN attribute. It can be set to LEFT, CENTER,
or RIGHT VALIGN Controls the vertical alignment of cell contents. It accepts the values TOP
MIDDLE or BOTTOM WIDTH Sets the WIDTH of a specific number of pixels or to a percentage of
the available screen width.
BORDER Controls the border to be placed around the table.
CELLPADING This attribute controls the distance between the data in a cell and the boundaries of
the cell
CELLSPACING Controls the spacing between adjacent cells
COLSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more columns
ROWSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more rows.
EXAMPLE
<TABLE BORDER = 3 WIDTH = 100 HEIGHT = 200>
<TR>
<TH> Roll Number </TH>
<TH> Age </TH>
<TR>
<TR> <TD> 1 </TD> <TD 35 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
ALIGN: ALIGN = TOP, MIDDLE,BOTTOM
BORDER: Specifies the size of the border to place around the image.
WIDTH: Specifies the width of the image in pixels.
HEIGHT: Specifies the height of the image in pixels
HSPACE: Indicates the amount of space to the left and right of the image
VSPACE: Indicates the amount of apace to the top and bottom of the image.
19. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLUMN SPANNING AND ROW SPANNING?
Row spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more rows.
Column spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more columns.
20. MENTION THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKS
HTML allows linking to other HTML documents as well as images. There are 3 attributes that can
be introduced in BODY tag.
LINK – Changes the default color of a Hyperlink to whatever color is specified with this tag.
ALINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is activated to whatever color is specified
with this tag.
VLINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is already visited to whatever color is
specified with this tag.
NOTE: User can specify the color name of a hyperlink or an equivalent hexadecimal number.
EXTERNAL LINKS
SYNTAX
<A HREF = ―location name‖> Hyper Text Message </A>
21. EXPLAIN IMAGE MAPS WITH ITS SYNTAX
When a hyperlink is created on an image, clicking on any part of the image will lead to opening
of the document specified in the <A HREF TAG>. Linked regions of an image map are called hot
regions and each hot region is associated with
a filename.html.
Syntax
<MAP NAME = ―map name‖>
ATTRIBUTES OF IMAGE MAPS
COORDS: Each of the above shapes takes different coordinates as parameters.
Rectangle – 4 coordinates (x1,y2,x3,y2)
POLYGON: 3 or more coordinates.
HREF – Takes the name of the .html file that s linked to the particular area on the
image.
<MAP NAME = ―fish.jpg‖>
<AREA SHAPE = ―rect‖ COORDS = ―52,65,122,89‖ HREF = ―sct.html‖>
</MAP>
22. EXPLAIN ABOUT HTML FORM TAG WITH ITS ATTRIBUTES.
HTML form provides several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing your site.
The syntax of the form is
<FORM METHOD = ―POST‖ ACTION = ―/cgi-bin/formail‖>
· The METHOD attribute indicates the way the web server will organize and send you the
form output.
· Use METHOD = ―post‖ in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when
updating a database.
· The ACTION attribute in the FORM tag is the path to this script; in this case, it is a
common script which emails form data to an address. Most Internet Service Providers will
have a script like this on their site.
23. MENTION THE VARIOUS FORM ELEMENTS
Various elements or controls can be created in FORM using <INPUT> tag. They are 1. Label 2.
Text box 3. Text Area 4. Radio button 5. Check box 6. List box 7. Command button 8. Scroll bars
24. WHAT IS THE USE OF FRAMES IN HTML GIVE THE SYNTAX OF FRAMES
Frames are used to call many html files at the same time. This can be done using <FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET> tags.
ATTRIBUTES OF FRAMES
ROWS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple rows. It can be set equal to a list
of values. Depending on the required size of each row. The values can
· A number of pixels
· Expressed as a percentage of the screen resolution
· The symbol *, which indicates the remaining space.
COLS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple columns.
EXAMPLE
<FRAMESET ROWS = ―30%,*‖> => Divides the screen into 2 rows,
occupying the remaining space
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the first row into 2 equal
columns
<FRAME SRC = ―file1.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = ―file2.html‖>
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the second
row into 2 equal columns
<FRAME SRC = file3.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = file4.html‖>
</FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
25. What is the difference between node and host?
A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more specific
descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single purpose
device (such as a printer).
26. Define protocol.
A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.
27. Define port.
A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications running on
the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.
Network is an interconnection of systems to share data and information. Internet is network of
network or collection of heterogeneous networks.
2. WHAT IS THE USE OF IP ADDRESSES AND PORTS?
It is very difficult to remember the IP address of each and every node. It order to avoid this
problem domain names are used. Example googl.com, rediff.com etc.
PORTS
Ports are used in receiving and sending data to another server or client.
Example for port numbers
Protocol Port Protocol Purpose
Echo 7 TCP/UDP Echo is a test protocol used to verify that 2 machines
1. are able to connect by having one echo back the
Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)
Internet layer (IP) Physical path(Ethernet, FDDI
etc) other‘s input.
Discard 9 TCP/UDP Discard is a less useful test protocol in which all
data
2. received by the server is ignored.
FTP 21
SMTP 25
HTTP 80
POP3 110
NTP 119 Usenet News transfer is more formally known as the
Network News Transfer Protocol
RMI Registry 1099 This is the registry service for Java Remote
Objects.
3. MENTION THE DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRESS CLASS AND IT’S RANGE.
Internet addresses are assigned to different organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
ISP – Internet Service Providers gives a block addresses.
Class C address block specifies the first 3 bytes of address, for example 199.1.32. This allows
room for 254 individual addresses from 199.1.32.1 to 199.1.32.254
Class B address specified only the first 2 bytes of the addresses .
There are also Class D and E addresses are used for IP multicast group.
4. DEFINE FIREWALL.
The hardware and software that sits between the Internet and the local network, checking all the
data that comes and goes out is called ―firewalls‖. The security is provided using SSL(Secure
Socket Layer) in internet.
5. DEFINE PROXY SERVERS
Proxy servers are related to firewalls prevents hosts on a network from making direct connections
to the outside world, a proxy server can act as a go-between. Thus a machine that is prevented
from connecting to the external network by a firewall would make a request for a web page from
the local proxy server instead of requesting the web page directly from the remote web server.
6. WHAT IS THE USE OF HTTP PROTOCOL?
HTTP is a standard protocol that defines how a web client talks to a server and how data is
transferred from the server back to the client. HTTP relies heavily on two other standards.
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), HTML
7. WHAT IS THE USE OF MIME?(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
MIME is a way to encode different kinds of data, such as sound and text, to be transmitted over
a 7-bit ASCII connection. It also lets the recipient know what kind of data has been sent, so that
it can be displayed properly. MIME was originally designed to facilitate multimedia email and to
provide an encoding that could get binary data past the most train –damaged mail transfer
programs.
MIME is an open standard for sending multipart, multimedia data through Internet email. MIME
was originally intended for email, it has become a widely used technique to describe a file‘s
contents so that client software can tell the difference between different kinds of data.
8. DEFINE URL & URN.
URL
Uniform Recourse Locator is a way to unambiguously identify the location of a resource on the
Interned.
URI Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of characters in a particular syntax that identifies a
resource.
The resource identified may be a file on a server, but it may also be an email address, a news
message, b book, a person‘s name, an Internet host.
Syntax
Scheme: scheme-specific-part
Scheme types
data – base 64 encoded data included directly in a link
file – A file on a local disk
FTP – An FTP server
gopher – a Gopher server
mailto – an email address
news – A Usenet newsgroup
Telnet – A connection to a Telnet based service (only used in Remote Login System)
urn – Uniform Resource Name
9. EXPLAIN ABOUT URN
There are 2 types of URLs.
URL – Unform Resource Locaters (is a pointer to a particular resource on the Internet at a
particular location.)
URNs – Uniform Resource Name (is a name for a particular resource but without reference to a
particular location)
SYNTAX OF URN
urn:namespace:resource-name
namespace - is the name of a collection of certain kinds of resources maintained by some
authority.
resource-name – is the name of a resource within that collection.
10. WHAT IS MEANT BY RELATIVE URL?
URLs that are not complete but inherit pieces from their parent are called relative URL.
In contrast, a completely specified URL is called an absolute URL address.
11. EXPLAIN ABOUT SGML – STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE
· HTML is an instance of SGML.
· SGML is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard, specifically ISO
8879:1986.
· SGML allows the user to create various user defined tags easily without any rules.
EXAMPLE 1 – FOR PRODUCT DETAILS
<PRODUCT MANUFACTURER=‖ABC COMPANY‖> -Assumed as record name
<NAME> KEY BOARD </NAME>
<TYPE> KEY BOARD </TYPE>
<PRICE> 1500 </PRICE>
</PRODUCT>
12. EXPLAIN ABOUT XML – EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
· Similar to SGML
· Allows the user to create any number of user defined tags.
· The value of an attribute may be enclosed in double of single quotes like this:
· <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> THIS IS CENTERED H1 HEADING </H1>
· STYLES can be introduced for XML program like CSS using XLS file(XML Style Sheet
program)
· Here XML styles are saved with an extension of .xls (XML style sheet)
· Using .xls files various styles can be given to the data which is inside the XML program.
13. LIST THE STEPS FUNCTIONS OF HTTP PROTOCOL.
Standard protocol for communication between web browsers and web servers.
HTTP specifies how a client and server establish a connection, how the client requests data from the
server, how the server responds to that request, and finally how the connection is closed.
HTTP 1.0 is the currently accepted version of the protocol. It uses MIME to encode data. The basic
protocol defines a sequence of 4 steps for each request from a client to the server.
Making the connection
Making a request
Receiving the response
Closing the connection
14. WHAT IS DOMAIN & MENTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMAINS
Domain is a place where information is available.
DOMAIN NAME EXTENSION
.edu – Servers that provide Educational services
.gov – About the government of a country.
WEBTECHNOLOGY
.mil – Servers that provide military information.
.org – Provide information about the organizations in the world.
.com – Servers providing commercial services on the Internet.
15. WRITE THE FORMAT OF HTML PROGRAM
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> This is the Title </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
…. Type the body of the program
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note: All the tags in HTML program are optional, however the file should be saved in .html
extension.
16. MENTION SOME TEXT FORMATTING TAGS
<p> </p> - is used for introducing various paragraphs.
<br> - this tag is used for giving an empty blank line.
HEADING TAGS - <h1> </h1> .. <h6> </h6> is used to introduce various headings.
<h1> is the biggest and h6 is the smallest heading tag.
<HR> TAG – is used to draw lines and horizontal rules.
<B>,<I>,<U> for bold, italic and underline respectively.
17. EXPLAIN ABOUT LIST TAG.
TYPES OF LISTS
Unordered lists
Ordered lists
UNORDERED LISTS
It starts with <ul> and ends with </ul>
Attributes of Unordered lists
―A‖ will give A,B,C..
―a‖ will give a,b,c
―I‖ starts with Capital roman letters I,II,II…
―I‖ starts with small case roman letters
START: Alters the numbering sequence, can be set to any numeric value
VALUE: Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an ordered list
EXAMPLE
<OL TYPE = ―1‖ START = 5>
<LI> CSE </LI>
<LI> IT </LI>
</OL>
OUTPUT
5 CSE
6 IT
18. EXPLAIN THE ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG WITH AN EXAMPLE
A table is a two dimensional matrix, consisting of rows and columns. All table related tags are
included between <TABLE> </TABLE> tags.
<TABLE>
<TH> Heading </TH>
<TR> Row elements </TR>
<TD> Table data values </TD>
</TABLE>
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG
ALIGN Horizontal alignment is controlled by the ALIGN attribute. It can be set to LEFT, CENTER,
or RIGHT VALIGN Controls the vertical alignment of cell contents. It accepts the values TOP
MIDDLE or BOTTOM WIDTH Sets the WIDTH of a specific number of pixels or to a percentage of
the available screen width.
BORDER Controls the border to be placed around the table.
CELLPADING This attribute controls the distance between the data in a cell and the boundaries of
the cell
CELLSPACING Controls the spacing between adjacent cells
COLSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more columns
ROWSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more rows.
EXAMPLE
<TABLE BORDER = 3 WIDTH = 100 HEIGHT = 200>
<TR>
<TH> Roll Number </TH>
<TH> Age </TH>
<TR>
<TR> <TD> 1 </TD> <TD 35 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
ALIGN: ALIGN = TOP, MIDDLE,BOTTOM
BORDER: Specifies the size of the border to place around the image.
WIDTH: Specifies the width of the image in pixels.
HEIGHT: Specifies the height of the image in pixels
HSPACE: Indicates the amount of space to the left and right of the image
VSPACE: Indicates the amount of apace to the top and bottom of the image.
19. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLUMN SPANNING AND ROW SPANNING?
Row spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more rows.
Column spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more columns.
20. MENTION THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKS
HTML allows linking to other HTML documents as well as images. There are 3 attributes that can
be introduced in BODY tag.
LINK – Changes the default color of a Hyperlink to whatever color is specified with this tag.
ALINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is activated to whatever color is specified
with this tag.
VLINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is already visited to whatever color is
specified with this tag.
NOTE: User can specify the color name of a hyperlink or an equivalent hexadecimal number.
EXTERNAL LINKS
SYNTAX
<A HREF = ―location name‖> Hyper Text Message </A>
21. EXPLAIN IMAGE MAPS WITH ITS SYNTAX
When a hyperlink is created on an image, clicking on any part of the image will lead to opening
of the document specified in the <A HREF TAG>. Linked regions of an image map are called hot
regions and each hot region is associated with
a filename.html.
Syntax
<MAP NAME = ―map name‖>
ATTRIBUTES OF IMAGE MAPS
COORDS: Each of the above shapes takes different coordinates as parameters.
Rectangle – 4 coordinates (x1,y2,x3,y2)
POLYGON: 3 or more coordinates.
HREF – Takes the name of the .html file that s linked to the particular area on the
image.
<MAP NAME = ―fish.jpg‖>
<AREA SHAPE = ―rect‖ COORDS = ―52,65,122,89‖ HREF = ―sct.html‖>
</MAP>
22. EXPLAIN ABOUT HTML FORM TAG WITH ITS ATTRIBUTES.
HTML form provides several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing your site.
The syntax of the form is
<FORM METHOD = ―POST‖ ACTION = ―/cgi-bin/formail‖>
· The METHOD attribute indicates the way the web server will organize and send you the
form output.
· Use METHOD = ―post‖ in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when
updating a database.
· The ACTION attribute in the FORM tag is the path to this script; in this case, it is a
common script which emails form data to an address. Most Internet Service Providers will
have a script like this on their site.
23. MENTION THE VARIOUS FORM ELEMENTS
Various elements or controls can be created in FORM using <INPUT> tag. They are 1. Label 2.
Text box 3. Text Area 4. Radio button 5. Check box 6. List box 7. Command button 8. Scroll bars
24. WHAT IS THE USE OF FRAMES IN HTML GIVE THE SYNTAX OF FRAMES
Frames are used to call many html files at the same time. This can be done using <FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET> tags.
ATTRIBUTES OF FRAMES
ROWS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple rows. It can be set equal to a list
of values. Depending on the required size of each row. The values can
· A number of pixels
· Expressed as a percentage of the screen resolution
· The symbol *, which indicates the remaining space.
COLS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple columns.
EXAMPLE
<FRAMESET ROWS = ―30%,*‖> => Divides the screen into 2 rows,
occupying the remaining space
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the first row into 2 equal
columns
<FRAME SRC = ―file1.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = ―file2.html‖>
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the second
row into 2 equal columns
<FRAME SRC = file3.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = file4.html‖>
</FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
25. What is the difference between node and host?
A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more specific
descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single purpose
device (such as a printer).
26. Define protocol.
A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.
27. Define port.
A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications running on
the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.
2 marks questions for cse 3rd yr (s/w engg)
1. What is software engineering .
Software Engineering is a
discipline in which theories ,methods and tools are
applied to develop professional
software product.
2. Differentiate between Software
Engineering and Computer Science.
Software Engineering Computer
Science
The software engineering is
concerned
with the practical problems of
producing
software.
The computer science deals with
the
theories and methods used by the
computers and software systems.
Some knowledge of computer science
is
necessary for the software
engineers to
develop the software.
Elegant theories cannot be
completely
applicable to the software
engineering
when software solution to complex
or real
world problem has to be
developed.
3. What is software process model.
The software process model can be
defined as an abstract representation of
process. The software process
model consists of various process activities, role of
people involved in process development and software
product.1. What is software engineering .
5. How to create good software.
Satisfying the user requirement is not the only goal of good software. There some
essential attributes of good software and those are,
i) Maintainability
ii) Usability
iii) Dependability
iv) Efficiency
6. What are challenges in software engineering.
The key challenges facing software engineering are:
Copying with legacy systems.
Heterogeneity challenge.
Delivery time challenge.
7. What are software characteristics?
Software development is a logical activity and therefore it is important to
understand basic characteristics of software .Some important characteristics of software
are,
• Software is engineered, not manufactured.
• Software does not wear out.
• Most software is custom built rather than being assembled from components.
8. What are goals/ objectives of software engineering?
♦ Satisfy user requirements.
♦ High reliablity
♦ Delivery on time
♦ Low production costs.
♦ High performance.
♦ Ease of reuse.
9. Define Verification and Validation.
Verification reprents the set of activities that are carried out to confirm the
software correctly implements the specific functionality.
Validation reprents set of activities that ensure that the software that has been is
satisfying the customer requirements.
10. What is system engineering?
System Engineering means designing, implementing, deploying and operating the
systems which include hardware, software and people.
11. What are restraining factors for system model constructions?
♦ Assumptions
♦ Simplifications
♦ Limitations
♦ Constraints
♦ Preference
12. Define Computer based System.
The computer based system can be defined as “a set or an arrangement of
elements that are organized to accomplish some predefined goal by processing
information”
13. What are goals of business process Engineering.
♦ The goal of business Process Engineering is to define such an architectures
using which information can be effectively used by the business.
♦ For satisfying business architecture and goals there are three different
architectures that can be analyzed and designed these are,♦ Data architecture
♦ Applications architecture.
♦ Technology infrastructure.
14. What are the goals of product engineering
• The goal of product engineering is to translate the customers demand working
product.
• To achieve this goal architecture is built.
15. What is embedded system process.
The embedded system process is a process which works as a part of software
model. Embedded system process run on a single processor or an integrated group
of processors.
16. Distinguish between process and methods.
Software process can be defined as the structured set of activities that are
required to develop the software system. Various activities under software process
are.
Specification
Design and implementation
Validation
Evolution
Method is used mainly in object-oriented programming; the term method refers to
a piece of code that is exclusively associated either with an class or a object.
17. Why software architecture is important in software process.
The software architecture gives the hierarchical structure of software components
and their interactions .In software architecture the software model is designed and
structure of that model is partitioned horizontally or vertically .This helps in
implementing a quality software product.
18. What are phases encompassed in the RAD model.
Various phases in the RAD model are
Business modeling
Data modeling
Process modeling
Application generation
Testing and turnover
19. Which process model leads to software reuse? Why.
The object oriented model is used for the software reuse because –this model is
based on the incremental development of the software product. This can be done
in one or more iterations.
20. What does system engineering model accomplish?
System engineering is modeling process. it accomplishes following things.
♦ The process that needs a view of consideration is defined.
♦ Behavior of the system.
♦ Exogenous and endogenous input is defined.
♦ All linkages for understand
1. What are problems associated with requirements.
Requirements imprecision-
(1) Problems arise when requirements are not precisely stated.
(2) Ambiguous requirements may be interpreted in different ways by developers and
users.
(3) Consider meaning of term ‘appropriate viewers’
(a) User intention-Special purpose viewer for each different document type.
(b) Developer interpretation-Provide a text viewer that shows the contents of the
document.
Requirements completeness and consistency.
2. Define Feasibility studies.
A feasibility study is a study made to decide whether or not the proposed system
is worthwhile.
3. What are the benefits of software prototyping?
• Prototype can serve as a basis for deriving system specification
• Working system becomes available as there is a closer match of prototype
with actual system
• System can be maintained easily
• Development efforts may get reduced
• If any service is missing or confusing then that can be identified
4 . Write the advantages of Evolutionary prototyping
♦ Fast delivery of the working system
♦ User is involved while developing the system
♦ More useful system can be delivered
♦ Specifications design and implementation work in co-ordinate manner
5 . What are the problems occur in throw away prototyping
Developers may be pressurized to deliver throw away prototype as
final system
The throw away prototype can be undocumented
Sometimes organizational quality standard may not be strictly applied
Changes made during the software development process may degrade
the system structures.
6. State the analysis Modeling Approach
Analysis Modeling Approach
Structured approach Object Oriented approach
The analysis is made on data and process
in which data is transformed as spate
entities
The analysis is made on the classes and
interaction among them in order to meet the
customer requirements.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Data objects are modeled in a way in which
data attributes and their relationship is
defined in structured approach.
Unified modeling language and unified
process are used in object oriented
modeling approach.
7. What are attributes
Attributes define properties of data object
Typically there are three types of attributes:
♦ Naming attributes: These attributes are used to name an
instances of data object
♦ Descriptive attributes: These attributes are used to describe the
characteristics or features of the data object
♦ Referential attribute: These are the attributes that are used in
making reference to another instance in another table
8. Define cardinality and Modality
Cardinality in data modeling ,cardinality specifies how the number of occurrences
of object is related to the number of occurrences of another objects.
9. Define data Dictionary
The data dictionary can be defined as an oranginised collection of all the data
elements of the system with precise and rigorous definitions so that user and system
analyst will have a common understanding of inputs ,outputs, components of stores and
intermediate calculations.
10. Why SRS must be traceable ?What is traceability requirements
There may be chances of having new requirements during development of the
software. Traceability is concerned with relationship between requirements their sources
and the system design. Thus change in requirement is manageable if SRS is
traceable.
11. Compare evolutionary prototyping and throw away prototyping
Evolutionary Prototype Throw away prototype
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The principle objective of evolutionary
model is to deliver the working system to
the end user
The principle objective of throw away
prototype is to validate or derive the system
requirements
The process of development starts with
well understood requirements.
The process of development starts with
poorly understood requirements
It must be developed for the systems where
the specifications cannot be developed in
advance
The process away prototype is developed to
reduce the requirement risks.
12. Compare functional and behavioral model
Functional model Behavioral model
The functional model depicts all the essential
functionalities of the system
The behavioral model represents how system
behaves
The functional model is represented by data
flow and control flow diagrams
The behavioral model is represented by state
chart diagram
The DFDS can be represented by levels The state diagram has some number of states
and transitions
13. What is meant by software prototyping.
System prototyping us a rapid software development for validating the requirements .The
use of system prototype is to help customers and developers to understand the system
requirements.
14. Differentiate between data flow diagram and state transition diagram.
Data Flow diagram State Flow diagram
Data flow diagram is graphical representation
for representing the information flow and the
transforms that are applied as data move from
input to output
State transition diagram is a graphical
representation for representing the behavior of
a system by depicting its states and the events
that cause the system, to change state.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERs
The data flow diagram is a collection of
process data store, flow of data.
The data flow diagrams are used to represent
the system at any level of abstractions and the
increasing levels are used to expose more and
more functionalities in the system.
The state transition diagrams are typically
drawn at single level .They intended to expose
the overall behavior of the system.
15. Which style of prototyping is most appropriate when the requirements are not well
understand.
A throw away prototyping approach has to be used when requirements are not
well understood .Because in this approach there is a rough demonstrations of requirements and it
can be discarded if not achieving the level of satisfaction.
16. How do we use the models that we create during requirements analysis.
Data, functional and behavioral requirements are modeled in various
diagrammatic formats. Data model defines data objects attributes and relationship functional
modeling indicates how data are transformed within a system Behavioral model shown the
impact of events ,After creating these models they are further refined and analyzed for its
completeness and competency.
17. What is requirement Engineering?
Requirement Engineering is the process of
Establishing the services that the customer requires from a system.
And the constraints under which it operates and is developed.
18.What are the types of non functional Requirements.
The classification of non functional requirements are
Product Requirements
Organizational Requirements
External Requirements.
19. State the uses of CSPEC?
How the software behaves when an event or signal is sensed.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which processes are invoked as a consequences of the occurences of event.
20. What is the major distinction between user requirements and system Requirements?
The user requirements describe both the functional and non functional
requirements in such a way that they are understandable by the users who donot have
detailed technical knowledge.On the other hand the system requirements rae more
detailed specifications of sytem functions,services and constraints than user
requirements.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
ANALYSIS,DESIGN CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES
1. What are elements of analyzing model.
The elements of analyzing model are,
• Data Dictionary
• Entity relationship diagram
• Data flow diagram
• State transition diagram
• Control specifications
• Process specifications.
2. State the Design principles.
• The design process should not suffer from “tunnel vision”
• The design should be traceable to the analysis model.
• The design should be structured to accommodate change.
• The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.
3. Define modular Design.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Modular design reduces complexity and helps in easier implementation .The
parallel development of different parts of the system is possible due to modular
design.
4. What are different types of cohesion?
Coincidentally Cohesion
Logically cohesion
Temporal cohesion
Procedural cohesion
Communicational cohesion
5. What are benefits of refactoring?
Benefits of refactoring are,
♦ The redundancy can be achieved
♦ Inefficient algorithms can be eliminated
♦ Poorly constructed
♦ Other design failures can be rectified.
6. Write advantages of Graphical User Interface.
♦ GUIs are easy to use .An inexperienced user can the system easily with the
graphical user interface
♦ The user can switch from one task to another very easily .He can also be
interact with many applications simultaneously.
♦ Fast and full screen interaction is possible with user.
7. Define Real time system
Real time system is software in which the correct functionalities of the system are
dependent upon results produced by the system and the time at which these results are produced.
8.What are the real time software design.
Periodic Stimuli: These are the stimuli that occur at periodic time interval.
A periodic Stimuli: These are the stimuli that occur at unpredictable time interval
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
9. What are executive’s components of real time Executives?
The executive’s components are
Real time clock
Interrupt handler
Scheduler
Resource manager
Dispatcher
10. How Scheduling Strategies can be done.
The Scheduling Strategies can be done as
• Non preemptive scheduling
• Preemptive scheduling
• Various scheduling algorithms that can be used are shortest job fist, round robin,
priority based scheduling.
11.State the guide lines for modular design
The guideline modular design are ,
Achieve the functional independence
High level of cohesion should be achieved
There should be minimum number of coupling.
12. How do you evaluate user interface
The user interface can be evaluated by accessing the usability of interface and checking
that it meets the user requirements.
After preparing the preliminary design a first level prototype is
created.This prototype is evalusted by the user.
The a formal technical review is conducted.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The feedback of both the above mentioned reviews is given to the designer
to make appropriate design modifications.
The evaluation cycle is continued no further modifications are suggested
in the interface design.
13. List out the Design concepts?
Abstraction
Modularity
Architecture
Refinement
Pattern
Information Hiding
Functional Independence
Refactoring
Design classes
♦ Delivery on time
♦ Low production costs.
♦ High performance.
♦ Ease of reuse.
9. Define Verification and Validation.
Verification reprents the set of activities that are carried out to confirm the
software correctly implements the specific functionality.
Validation reprents set of activities that ensure that the software that has been is
satisfying the customer requirements.
10. What is system engineering?
System Engineering means designing, implementing, deploying and operating the
systems which include hardware, software and people.
11. What are restraining factors for system model constructions?
♦ Assumptions
♦ Simplifications
♦ Limitations
♦ Constraints
♦ Preference
12. Define Computer based System.
The computer based system can be defined as “a set or an arrangement of
elements that are organized to accomplish some predefined goal by processing
information”
13. What are goals of business process Engineering.
♦ The goal of business Process Engineering is to define such an architectures
using which information can be effectively used by the business.
♦ For satisfying business architecture and goals there are three different
architectures that can be analyzed and designed these are,♦ Data architecture
♦ Applications architecture.
♦ Technology infrastructure.
14. What are the goals of product engineering
• The goal of product engineering is to translate the customers demand working
product.
• To achieve this goal architecture is built.
15. What is embedded system process.
The embedded system process is a process which works as a part of software
model. Embedded system process run on a single processor or an integrated group
of processors.
16. Distinguish between process and methods.
Software process can be defined as the structured set of activities that are
required to develop the software system. Various activities under software process
are.
Specification
Design and implementation
Validation
Evolution
Method is used mainly in object-oriented programming; the term method refers to
a piece of code that is exclusively associated either with an class or a object.
17. Why software architecture is important in software process.
The software architecture gives the hierarchical structure of software components
and their interactions .In software architecture the software model is designed and
structure of that model is partitioned horizontally or vertically .This helps in
implementing a quality software product.
18. What are phases encompassed in the RAD model.
Various phases in the RAD model are
Business modeling
Data modeling
Process modeling
Application generation
Testing and turnover
19. Which process model leads to software reuse? Why.
The object oriented model is used for the software reuse because –this model is
based on the incremental development of the software product. This can be done
in one or more iterations.
20. What does system engineering model accomplish?
System engineering is modeling process. it accomplishes following things.
♦ The process that needs a view of consideration is defined.
♦ Behavior of the system.
♦ Exogenous and endogenous input is defined.
♦ All linkages for understand
1. What are problems associated with requirements.
Requirements imprecision-
(1) Problems arise when requirements are not precisely stated.
(2) Ambiguous requirements may be interpreted in different ways by developers and
users.
(3) Consider meaning of term ‘appropriate viewers’
(a) User intention-Special purpose viewer for each different document type.
(b) Developer interpretation-Provide a text viewer that shows the contents of the
document.
Requirements completeness and consistency.
2. Define Feasibility studies.
A feasibility study is a study made to decide whether or not the proposed system
is worthwhile.
3. What are the benefits of software prototyping?
• Prototype can serve as a basis for deriving system specification
• Working system becomes available as there is a closer match of prototype
with actual system
• System can be maintained easily
• Development efforts may get reduced
• If any service is missing or confusing then that can be identified
4 . Write the advantages of Evolutionary prototyping
♦ Fast delivery of the working system
♦ User is involved while developing the system
♦ More useful system can be delivered
♦ Specifications design and implementation work in co-ordinate manner
5 . What are the problems occur in throw away prototyping
Developers may be pressurized to deliver throw away prototype as
final system
The throw away prototype can be undocumented
Sometimes organizational quality standard may not be strictly applied
Changes made during the software development process may degrade
the system structures.
6. State the analysis Modeling Approach
Analysis Modeling Approach
Structured approach Object Oriented approach
The analysis is made on data and process
in which data is transformed as spate
entities
The analysis is made on the classes and
interaction among them in order to meet the
customer requirements.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Data objects are modeled in a way in which
data attributes and their relationship is
defined in structured approach.
Unified modeling language and unified
process are used in object oriented
modeling approach.
7. What are attributes
Attributes define properties of data object
Typically there are three types of attributes:
♦ Naming attributes: These attributes are used to name an
instances of data object
♦ Descriptive attributes: These attributes are used to describe the
characteristics or features of the data object
♦ Referential attribute: These are the attributes that are used in
making reference to another instance in another table
8. Define cardinality and Modality
Cardinality in data modeling ,cardinality specifies how the number of occurrences
of object is related to the number of occurrences of another objects.
9. Define data Dictionary
The data dictionary can be defined as an oranginised collection of all the data
elements of the system with precise and rigorous definitions so that user and system
analyst will have a common understanding of inputs ,outputs, components of stores and
intermediate calculations.
10. Why SRS must be traceable ?What is traceability requirements
There may be chances of having new requirements during development of the
software. Traceability is concerned with relationship between requirements their sources
and the system design. Thus change in requirement is manageable if SRS is
traceable.
11. Compare evolutionary prototyping and throw away prototyping
Evolutionary Prototype Throw away prototype
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The principle objective of evolutionary
model is to deliver the working system to
the end user
The principle objective of throw away
prototype is to validate or derive the system
requirements
The process of development starts with
well understood requirements.
The process of development starts with
poorly understood requirements
It must be developed for the systems where
the specifications cannot be developed in
advance
The process away prototype is developed to
reduce the requirement risks.
12. Compare functional and behavioral model
Functional model Behavioral model
The functional model depicts all the essential
functionalities of the system
The behavioral model represents how system
behaves
The functional model is represented by data
flow and control flow diagrams
The behavioral model is represented by state
chart diagram
The DFDS can be represented by levels The state diagram has some number of states
and transitions
13. What is meant by software prototyping.
System prototyping us a rapid software development for validating the requirements .The
use of system prototype is to help customers and developers to understand the system
requirements.
14. Differentiate between data flow diagram and state transition diagram.
Data Flow diagram State Flow diagram
Data flow diagram is graphical representation
for representing the information flow and the
transforms that are applied as data move from
input to output
State transition diagram is a graphical
representation for representing the behavior of
a system by depicting its states and the events
that cause the system, to change state.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERs
The data flow diagram is a collection of
process data store, flow of data.
The data flow diagrams are used to represent
the system at any level of abstractions and the
increasing levels are used to expose more and
more functionalities in the system.
The state transition diagrams are typically
drawn at single level .They intended to expose
the overall behavior of the system.
15. Which style of prototyping is most appropriate when the requirements are not well
understand.
A throw away prototyping approach has to be used when requirements are not
well understood .Because in this approach there is a rough demonstrations of requirements and it
can be discarded if not achieving the level of satisfaction.
16. How do we use the models that we create during requirements analysis.
Data, functional and behavioral requirements are modeled in various
diagrammatic formats. Data model defines data objects attributes and relationship functional
modeling indicates how data are transformed within a system Behavioral model shown the
impact of events ,After creating these models they are further refined and analyzed for its
completeness and competency.
17. What is requirement Engineering?
Requirement Engineering is the process of
Establishing the services that the customer requires from a system.
And the constraints under which it operates and is developed.
18.What are the types of non functional Requirements.
The classification of non functional requirements are
Product Requirements
Organizational Requirements
External Requirements.
19. State the uses of CSPEC?
How the software behaves when an event or signal is sensed.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which processes are invoked as a consequences of the occurences of event.
20. What is the major distinction between user requirements and system Requirements?
The user requirements describe both the functional and non functional
requirements in such a way that they are understandable by the users who donot have
detailed technical knowledge.On the other hand the system requirements rae more
detailed specifications of sytem functions,services and constraints than user
requirements.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
ANALYSIS,DESIGN CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES
1. What are elements of analyzing model.
The elements of analyzing model are,
• Data Dictionary
• Entity relationship diagram
• Data flow diagram
• State transition diagram
• Control specifications
• Process specifications.
2. State the Design principles.
• The design process should not suffer from “tunnel vision”
• The design should be traceable to the analysis model.
• The design should be structured to accommodate change.
• The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.
3. Define modular Design.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Modular design reduces complexity and helps in easier implementation .The
parallel development of different parts of the system is possible due to modular
design.
4. What are different types of cohesion?
Coincidentally Cohesion
Logically cohesion
Temporal cohesion
Procedural cohesion
Communicational cohesion
5. What are benefits of refactoring?
Benefits of refactoring are,
♦ The redundancy can be achieved
♦ Inefficient algorithms can be eliminated
♦ Poorly constructed
♦ Other design failures can be rectified.
6. Write advantages of Graphical User Interface.
♦ GUIs are easy to use .An inexperienced user can the system easily with the
graphical user interface
♦ The user can switch from one task to another very easily .He can also be
interact with many applications simultaneously.
♦ Fast and full screen interaction is possible with user.
7. Define Real time system
Real time system is software in which the correct functionalities of the system are
dependent upon results produced by the system and the time at which these results are produced.
8.What are the real time software design.
Periodic Stimuli: These are the stimuli that occur at periodic time interval.
A periodic Stimuli: These are the stimuli that occur at unpredictable time interval
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
9. What are executive’s components of real time Executives?
The executive’s components are
Real time clock
Interrupt handler
Scheduler
Resource manager
Dispatcher
10. How Scheduling Strategies can be done.
The Scheduling Strategies can be done as
• Non preemptive scheduling
• Preemptive scheduling
• Various scheduling algorithms that can be used are shortest job fist, round robin,
priority based scheduling.
11.State the guide lines for modular design
The guideline modular design are ,
Achieve the functional independence
High level of cohesion should be achieved
There should be minimum number of coupling.
12. How do you evaluate user interface
The user interface can be evaluated by accessing the usability of interface and checking
that it meets the user requirements.
After preparing the preliminary design a first level prototype is
created.This prototype is evalusted by the user.
The a formal technical review is conducted.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The feedback of both the above mentioned reviews is given to the designer
to make appropriate design modifications.
The evaluation cycle is continued no further modifications are suggested
in the interface design.
13. List out the Design concepts?
Abstraction
Modularity
Architecture
Refinement
Pattern
Information Hiding
Functional Independence
Refactoring
Design classes
BTCS 901 Web Technologies (Elective-I)
INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB: Introduction, Internet Addressing, ISP, types of Internet
Connections, Introduction to WWW, WEB Browsers, WEB Servers, URLS, http, WEB applications, Tools
for WEB site creation. (4)
HTML: Introduction to HTML, Lists, adding graphics to HTML page, creating tables, linking documents,
frames, DHTML and Style sheets. (6)
Java Script: Introduction, programming constructs: variables, operators and expressions, conditional
checking, functions and dialog boxes, JavaScript DOM, creating forms, introduction to Cookies (11)
JAVA: Introduction to java objects and classes, control statements, arrays, inheritance, polymorphism,
Exception handling. (6)
XML: Why XML, XML syntax rules, XML elements, XML attributes, XML DTD displaying XML with
CSS. (6)
AJAX : Introduction, HTTP request, XMHttpRequest, AJAX Server Script, AJAX Database. (6)
PHP: Introduction, syntax, statements, operators, sessions, E-mail, PHP and MySQL, PHP and AJAX. (6)
Suggested Readings/Books:
1. Deitel,Deitel, Nieto, and Sandhu: XML How to Program, Pearson Education.
2. Herbert Schildt: Java 2: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition, TMH
3. Ivan Bayross: Web Enabled Commercial Application
4. Schafer: Development, BPB
5. HTML,CSS, JavaScript,Perl, Python and PHP, Wiley India Textbooks.
INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB: Introduction, Internet Addressing, ISP, types of Internet
Connections, Introduction to WWW, WEB Browsers, WEB Servers, URLS, http, WEB applications, Tools
for WEB site creation. (4)
HTML: Introduction to HTML, Lists, adding graphics to HTML page, creating tables, linking documents,
frames, DHTML and Style sheets. (6)
Java Script: Introduction, programming constructs: variables, operators and expressions, conditional
checking, functions and dialog boxes, JavaScript DOM, creating forms, introduction to Cookies (11)
JAVA: Introduction to java objects and classes, control statements, arrays, inheritance, polymorphism,
Exception handling. (6)
XML: Why XML, XML syntax rules, XML elements, XML attributes, XML DTD displaying XML with
CSS. (6)
AJAX : Introduction, HTTP request, XMHttpRequest, AJAX Server Script, AJAX Database. (6)
PHP: Introduction, syntax, statements, operators, sessions, E-mail, PHP and MySQL, PHP and AJAX. (6)
Suggested Readings/Books:
1. Deitel,Deitel, Nieto, and Sandhu: XML How to Program, Pearson Education.
2. Herbert Schildt: Java 2: The Complete Reference, Fifth Edition, TMH
3. Ivan Bayross: Web Enabled Commercial Application
4. Schafer: Development, BPB
5. HTML,CSS, JavaScript,Perl, Python and PHP, Wiley India Textbooks.
BTCS 603 Software Engineering
Module1: Evolution and impact of Software engineering, software life cycle models: Waterfall, prototyping,
Evolutionary, and Spiral models. Feasibility study, Functional and Non-functional requirements,
Requirements gathering, Requirements analysis and specification.
Module2: Basic issues in software design, modularity, cohesion, coupling and layering, function-oriented
software design: DFD and Structure chart, object modeling using UML, Object-oriented software
development, user interface design. Coding standards and Code review techniques.
Module3: Fundamentals of testing, White-box, and black-box testing, Test coverage analysis and test case
design techniques, mutation testing, Static and dynamic analysis, Software reliability metrics, reliability
growth modeling.
Module4: Software project management, Project planning and control, cost estimation, project scheduling
using PERT and GANTT charts, cost-time relations: Rayleigh-Norden results, quality management, ISO and
SEI CMMI, PSP and Six Sigma. Computer aided software engineering, software maintenance, software reuse,
Component-based software development.
Suggested Readings/ Books:
1. Roger Pressman, “Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach,(6th Edition), McGraw Hill,
1997.
2. Sommerville,”Software Engineering, 7th edition”, Adison Wesley, 1996.
3. Watts Humphrey,” Managing software process”, Pearson education, 2003.
4. James F. Peters and Witold Pedrycz, “ Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach”, Wiley.
5. Mouratidis and Giorgini. “Integrating Security and Software Engineering–Advances and Future”,
IGP. ISBN – 1-59904-148-0.
6. Pankaj Jalote, “An integrated approach to Software Engineering”, Springer/Narosa
Module1: Evolution and impact of Software engineering, software life cycle models: Waterfall, prototyping,
Evolutionary, and Spiral models. Feasibility study, Functional and Non-functional requirements,
Requirements gathering, Requirements analysis and specification.
Module2: Basic issues in software design, modularity, cohesion, coupling and layering, function-oriented
software design: DFD and Structure chart, object modeling using UML, Object-oriented software
development, user interface design. Coding standards and Code review techniques.
Module3: Fundamentals of testing, White-box, and black-box testing, Test coverage analysis and test case
design techniques, mutation testing, Static and dynamic analysis, Software reliability metrics, reliability
growth modeling.
Module4: Software project management, Project planning and control, cost estimation, project scheduling
using PERT and GANTT charts, cost-time relations: Rayleigh-Norden results, quality management, ISO and
SEI CMMI, PSP and Six Sigma. Computer aided software engineering, software maintenance, software reuse,
Component-based software development.
Suggested Readings/ Books:
1. Roger Pressman, “Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach,(6th Edition), McGraw Hill,
1997.
2. Sommerville,”Software Engineering, 7th edition”, Adison Wesley, 1996.
3. Watts Humphrey,” Managing software process”, Pearson education, 2003.
4. James F. Peters and Witold Pedrycz, “ Software Engineering – An Engineering Approach”, Wiley.
5. Mouratidis and Giorgini. “Integrating Security and Software Engineering–Advances and Future”,
IGP. ISBN – 1-59904-148-0.
6. Pankaj Jalote, “An integrated approach to Software Engineering”, Springer/Narosa
BTCS 405 System Programming
Objective/s and Expected Outcome: This course provides knowledge to design various
system programs.
1. Introduction: Introduction to system programming and different types of system programs –
editors, assemblers, macro-processors, compilers, linkers, loader, debuggers. [2]
2. Assemblers: Description of single pass and two pass assemblers, use of data structures likeOPTAB and SYMTAB, etc. [9]
3. Macroprocessors: Description of macros, macro expansion, conditional and recursive
macro expansion. [5]
4. Compilers: Various phases of compiler – lexical, syntax and semantic analysis, intermediate
code generation, code optimization techniques, code generation, Case study : LEX and YACC. [9]
5. Linkers and Loaders: Concept of linking, different linking schemes, concept of loading and
various loading schemes. [5]
6. Editors: Line editor, full screen editor and multi window editor, Case study MS-Word, DOS
Editor and vi editor. [4]
7. Debuggers: Description of various debugging techniques. [2]
Suggested Readings/ Books:
1. Donovan J.J., “Systems Programming”, New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 1972.
2. Dhamdhere, D.M., “Introduction to Systems Software”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 1996.
3. Aho A.V. and J.D. Ullman ,”Principles of compiler Design” Addison Wesley/ Narosa 1985.
4. Kenneth C. Louden,” Compiler Construction”, Cengage Learning.
Objective/s and Expected Outcome: This course provides knowledge to design various
system programs.
1. Introduction: Introduction to system programming and different types of system programs –
editors, assemblers, macro-processors, compilers, linkers, loader, debuggers. [2]
2. Assemblers: Description of single pass and two pass assemblers, use of data structures likeOPTAB and SYMTAB, etc. [9]
3. Macroprocessors: Description of macros, macro expansion, conditional and recursive
macro expansion. [5]
4. Compilers: Various phases of compiler – lexical, syntax and semantic analysis, intermediate
code generation, code optimization techniques, code generation, Case study : LEX and YACC. [9]
5. Linkers and Loaders: Concept of linking, different linking schemes, concept of loading and
various loading schemes. [5]
6. Editors: Line editor, full screen editor and multi window editor, Case study MS-Word, DOS
Editor and vi editor. [4]
7. Debuggers: Description of various debugging techniques. [2]
Suggested Readings/ Books:
1. Donovan J.J., “Systems Programming”, New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 1972.
2. Dhamdhere, D.M., “Introduction to Systems Software”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 1996.
3. Aho A.V. and J.D. Ullman ,”Principles of compiler Design” Addison Wesley/ Narosa 1985.
4. Kenneth C. Louden,” Compiler Construction”, Cengage Learning.
OPTAB and SYMTAB, etc. [9]
3. Macroprocessors: Description of macros, macro expansion, conditional and recursive
macro expansion. [5]
4. Compilers: Various phases of compiler – lexical, syntax and semantic analysis, intermediate
code generation, code optimization techniques, code generation, Case study : LEX and YACC. [9]
5. Linkers and Loaders: Concept of linking, different linking schemes, concept of loading and
various loading schemes. [5]
6. Editors: Line editor, full screen editor and multi window editor, Case study MS-Word, DOS
Editor and vi editor. [4]
7. Debuggers: Description of various debugging techniques. [2]
Suggested Readings/ Books:
1. Donovan J.J., “Systems Programming”, New York, Mc-Graw Hill, 1972.
2. Dhamdhere, D.M., “Introduction to Systems Software”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 1996.
3. Aho A.V. and J.D. Ullman ,”Principles of compiler Design” Addison Wesley/ Narosa 1985.
4. Kenneth C. Louden,” Compiler Construction”, Cengage Learning.
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