1. DEFINE INTERNET .
Network is an interconnection of systems to share data and information. Internet is network of
network or collection of heterogeneous networks.
2. WHAT IS THE USE OF IP ADDRESSES AND PORTS?
It is very difficult to remember the IP address of each and every node. It order to avoid this
problem domain names are used. Example googl.com, rediff.com etc.
PORTS
Ports are used in receiving and sending data to another server or client.
Example for port numbers
Protocol Port Protocol Purpose
Echo 7 TCP/UDP Echo is a test protocol used to verify that 2 machines
1. are able to connect by having one echo back the
Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)
Internet layer (IP) Physical path(Ethernet, FDDI
etc) other‘s input.
Discard 9 TCP/UDP Discard is a less useful test protocol in which all
data
2. received by the server is ignored.
FTP 21
SMTP 25
HTTP 80
POP3 110
NTP 119 Usenet News transfer is more formally known as the
Network News Transfer Protocol
RMI Registry 1099 This is the registry service for Java Remote
Objects.
3. MENTION THE DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRESS CLASS AND IT’S RANGE.
Internet addresses are assigned to different organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
ISP – Internet Service Providers gives a block addresses.
Class C address block specifies the first 3 bytes of address, for example 199.1.32. This allows
room for 254 individual addresses from 199.1.32.1 to 199.1.32.254
Class B address specified only the first 2 bytes of the addresses .
There are also Class D and E addresses are used for IP multicast group.
4. DEFINE FIREWALL.
The hardware and software that sits between the Internet and the local network, checking all the
data that comes and goes out is called ―firewalls‖. The security is provided using SSL(Secure
Socket Layer) in internet.
5. DEFINE PROXY SERVERS
Proxy servers are related to firewalls prevents hosts on a network from making direct connections
to the outside world, a proxy server can act as a go-between. Thus a machine that is prevented
from connecting to the external network by a firewall would make a request for a web page from
the local proxy server instead of requesting the web page directly from the remote web server.
6. WHAT IS THE USE OF HTTP PROTOCOL?
HTTP is a standard protocol that defines how a web client talks to a server and how data is
transferred from the server back to the client. HTTP relies heavily on two other standards.
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), HTML
7. WHAT IS THE USE OF MIME?(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
MIME is a way to encode different kinds of data, such as sound and text, to be transmitted over
a 7-bit ASCII connection. It also lets the recipient know what kind of data has been sent, so that
it can be displayed properly. MIME was originally designed to facilitate multimedia email and to
provide an encoding that could get binary data past the most train –damaged mail transfer
programs.
MIME is an open standard for sending multipart, multimedia data through Internet email. MIME
was originally intended for email, it has become a widely used technique to describe a file‘s
contents so that client software can tell the difference between different kinds of data.
8. DEFINE URL & URN.
URL
Uniform Recourse Locator is a way to unambiguously identify the location of a resource on the
Interned.
URI Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of characters in a particular syntax that identifies a
resource.
The resource identified may be a file on a server, but it may also be an email address, a news
message, b book, a person‘s name, an Internet host.
Syntax
Scheme: scheme-specific-part
Scheme types
data – base 64 encoded data included directly in a link
file – A file on a local disk
FTP – An FTP server
gopher – a Gopher server
mailto – an email address
news – A Usenet newsgroup
Telnet – A connection to a Telnet based service (only used in Remote Login System)
urn – Uniform Resource Name
9. EXPLAIN ABOUT URN
There are 2 types of URLs.
URL – Unform Resource Locaters (is a pointer to a particular resource on the Internet at a
particular location.)
URNs – Uniform Resource Name (is a name for a particular resource but without reference to a
particular location)
SYNTAX OF URN
urn:namespace:resource-name
namespace - is the name of a collection of certain kinds of resources maintained by some
authority.
resource-name – is the name of a resource within that collection.
10. WHAT IS MEANT BY RELATIVE URL?
URLs that are not complete but inherit pieces from their parent are called relative URL.
In contrast, a completely specified URL is called an absolute URL address.
11. EXPLAIN ABOUT SGML – STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE
· HTML is an instance of SGML.
· SGML is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard, specifically ISO
8879:1986.
· SGML allows the user to create various user defined tags easily without any rules.
EXAMPLE 1 – FOR PRODUCT DETAILS
<PRODUCT MANUFACTURER=‖ABC COMPANY‖> -Assumed as record name
<NAME> KEY BOARD </NAME>
<TYPE> KEY BOARD </TYPE>
<PRICE> 1500 </PRICE>
</PRODUCT>
12. EXPLAIN ABOUT XML – EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
· Similar to SGML
· Allows the user to create any number of user defined tags.
· The value of an attribute may be enclosed in double of single quotes like this:
· <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> THIS IS CENTERED H1 HEADING </H1>
· STYLES can be introduced for XML program like CSS using XLS file(XML Style Sheet
program)
· Here XML styles are saved with an extension of .xls (XML style sheet)
· Using .xls files various styles can be given to the data which is inside the XML program.
13. LIST THE STEPS FUNCTIONS OF HTTP PROTOCOL.
Standard protocol for communication between web browsers and web servers.
HTTP specifies how a client and server establish a connection, how the client requests data from the
server, how the server responds to that request, and finally how the connection is closed.
HTTP 1.0 is the currently accepted version of the protocol. It uses MIME to encode data. The basic
protocol defines a sequence of 4 steps for each request from a client to the server.
Making the connection
Making a request
Receiving the response
Closing the connection
14. WHAT IS DOMAIN & MENTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMAINS
Domain is a place where information is available.
DOMAIN NAME EXTENSION
.edu – Servers that provide Educational services
.gov – About the government of a country.
WEBTECHNOLOGY
.mil – Servers that provide military information.
.org – Provide information about the organizations in the world.
.com – Servers providing commercial services on the Internet.
15. WRITE THE FORMAT OF HTML PROGRAM
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> This is the Title </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
…. Type the body of the program
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note: All the tags in HTML program are optional, however the file should be saved in .html
extension.
16. MENTION SOME TEXT FORMATTING TAGS
<p> </p> - is used for introducing various paragraphs.
<br> - this tag is used for giving an empty blank line.
HEADING TAGS - <h1> </h1> .. <h6> </h6> is used to introduce various headings.
<h1> is the biggest and h6 is the smallest heading tag.
<HR> TAG – is used to draw lines and horizontal rules.
<B>,<I>,<U> for bold, italic and underline respectively.
17. EXPLAIN ABOUT LIST TAG.
TYPES OF LISTS
Unordered lists
Ordered lists
UNORDERED LISTS
It starts with <ul> and ends with </ul>
Attributes of Unordered lists
―A‖ will give A,B,C..
―a‖ will give a,b,c
―I‖ starts with Capital roman letters I,II,II…
―I‖ starts with small case roman letters
START: Alters the numbering sequence, can be set to any numeric value
VALUE: Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an ordered list
EXAMPLE
<OL TYPE = ―1‖ START = 5>
<LI> CSE </LI>
<LI> IT </LI>
</OL>
OUTPUT
5 CSE
6 IT
18. EXPLAIN THE ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG WITH AN EXAMPLE
A table is a two dimensional matrix, consisting of rows and columns. All table related tags are
included between <TABLE> </TABLE> tags.
<TABLE>
<TH> Heading </TH>
<TR> Row elements </TR>
<TD> Table data values </TD>
</TABLE>
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG
ALIGN Horizontal alignment is controlled by the ALIGN attribute. It can be set to LEFT, CENTER,
or RIGHT VALIGN Controls the vertical alignment of cell contents. It accepts the values TOP
MIDDLE or BOTTOM WIDTH Sets the WIDTH of a specific number of pixels or to a percentage of
the available screen width.
BORDER Controls the border to be placed around the table.
CELLPADING This attribute controls the distance between the data in a cell and the boundaries of
the cell
CELLSPACING Controls the spacing between adjacent cells
COLSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more columns
ROWSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more rows.
EXAMPLE
<TABLE BORDER = 3 WIDTH = 100 HEIGHT = 200>
<TR>
<TH> Roll Number </TH>
<TH> Age </TH>
<TR>
<TR> <TD> 1 </TD> <TD 35 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
ALIGN: ALIGN = TOP, MIDDLE,BOTTOM
BORDER: Specifies the size of the border to place around the image.
WIDTH: Specifies the width of the image in pixels.
HEIGHT: Specifies the height of the image in pixels
HSPACE: Indicates the amount of space to the left and right of the image
VSPACE: Indicates the amount of apace to the top and bottom of the image.
19. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLUMN SPANNING AND ROW SPANNING?
Row spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more rows.
Column spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more columns.
20. MENTION THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKS
HTML allows linking to other HTML documents as well as images. There are 3 attributes that can
be introduced in BODY tag.
LINK – Changes the default color of a Hyperlink to whatever color is specified with this tag.
ALINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is activated to whatever color is specified
with this tag.
VLINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is already visited to whatever color is
specified with this tag.
NOTE: User can specify the color name of a hyperlink or an equivalent hexadecimal number.
EXTERNAL LINKS
SYNTAX
<A HREF = ―location name‖> Hyper Text Message </A>
21. EXPLAIN IMAGE MAPS WITH ITS SYNTAX
When a hyperlink is created on an image, clicking on any part of the image will lead to opening
of the document specified in the <A HREF TAG>. Linked regions of an image map are called hot
regions and each hot region is associated with
a filename.html.
Syntax
<MAP NAME = ―map name‖>
ATTRIBUTES OF IMAGE MAPS
COORDS: Each of the above shapes takes different coordinates as parameters.
Rectangle – 4 coordinates (x1,y2,x3,y2)
POLYGON: 3 or more coordinates.
HREF – Takes the name of the .html file that s linked to the particular area on the
image.
<MAP NAME = ―fish.jpg‖>
<AREA SHAPE = ―rect‖ COORDS = ―52,65,122,89‖ HREF = ―sct.html‖>
</MAP>
22. EXPLAIN ABOUT HTML FORM TAG WITH ITS ATTRIBUTES.
HTML form provides several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing your site.
The syntax of the form is
<FORM METHOD = ―POST‖ ACTION = ―/cgi-bin/formail‖>
· The METHOD attribute indicates the way the web server will organize and send you the
form output.
· Use METHOD = ―post‖ in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when
updating a database.
· The ACTION attribute in the FORM tag is the path to this script; in this case, it is a
common script which emails form data to an address. Most Internet Service Providers will
have a script like this on their site.
23. MENTION THE VARIOUS FORM ELEMENTS
Various elements or controls can be created in FORM using <INPUT> tag. They are 1. Label 2.
Text box 3. Text Area 4. Radio button 5. Check box 6. List box 7. Command button 8. Scroll bars
24. WHAT IS THE USE OF FRAMES IN HTML GIVE THE SYNTAX OF FRAMES
Frames are used to call many html files at the same time. This can be done using <FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET> tags.
ATTRIBUTES OF FRAMES
ROWS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple rows. It can be set equal to a list
of values. Depending on the required size of each row. The values can
· A number of pixels
· Expressed as a percentage of the screen resolution
· The symbol *, which indicates the remaining space.
COLS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple columns.
EXAMPLE
<FRAMESET ROWS = ―30%,*‖> => Divides the screen into 2 rows,
occupying the remaining space
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the first row into 2 equal
columns
<FRAME SRC = ―file1.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = ―file2.html‖>
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the second
row into 2 equal columns
<FRAME SRC = file3.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = file4.html‖>
</FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
25. What is the difference between node and host?
A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more specific
descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single purpose
device (such as a printer).
26. Define protocol.
A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.
27. Define port.
A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications running on
the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.
Network is an interconnection of systems to share data and information. Internet is network of
network or collection of heterogeneous networks.
2. WHAT IS THE USE OF IP ADDRESSES AND PORTS?
It is very difficult to remember the IP address of each and every node. It order to avoid this
problem domain names are used. Example googl.com, rediff.com etc.
PORTS
Ports are used in receiving and sending data to another server or client.
Example for port numbers
Protocol Port Protocol Purpose
Echo 7 TCP/UDP Echo is a test protocol used to verify that 2 machines
1. are able to connect by having one echo back the
Application Layer Transport Layer (TCP, UDP)
Internet layer (IP) Physical path(Ethernet, FDDI
etc) other‘s input.
Discard 9 TCP/UDP Discard is a less useful test protocol in which all
data
2. received by the server is ignored.
FTP 21
SMTP 25
HTTP 80
POP3 110
NTP 119 Usenet News transfer is more formally known as the
Network News Transfer Protocol
RMI Registry 1099 This is the registry service for Java Remote
Objects.
3. MENTION THE DIFFERENT INTERNET ADDRESS CLASS AND IT’S RANGE.
Internet addresses are assigned to different organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
ISP – Internet Service Providers gives a block addresses.
Class C address block specifies the first 3 bytes of address, for example 199.1.32. This allows
room for 254 individual addresses from 199.1.32.1 to 199.1.32.254
Class B address specified only the first 2 bytes of the addresses .
There are also Class D and E addresses are used for IP multicast group.
4. DEFINE FIREWALL.
The hardware and software that sits between the Internet and the local network, checking all the
data that comes and goes out is called ―firewalls‖. The security is provided using SSL(Secure
Socket Layer) in internet.
5. DEFINE PROXY SERVERS
Proxy servers are related to firewalls prevents hosts on a network from making direct connections
to the outside world, a proxy server can act as a go-between. Thus a machine that is prevented
from connecting to the external network by a firewall would make a request for a web page from
the local proxy server instead of requesting the web page directly from the remote web server.
6. WHAT IS THE USE OF HTTP PROTOCOL?
HTTP is a standard protocol that defines how a web client talks to a server and how data is
transferred from the server back to the client. HTTP relies heavily on two other standards.
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), HTML
7. WHAT IS THE USE OF MIME?(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
MIME is a way to encode different kinds of data, such as sound and text, to be transmitted over
a 7-bit ASCII connection. It also lets the recipient know what kind of data has been sent, so that
it can be displayed properly. MIME was originally designed to facilitate multimedia email and to
provide an encoding that could get binary data past the most train –damaged mail transfer
programs.
MIME is an open standard for sending multipart, multimedia data through Internet email. MIME
was originally intended for email, it has become a widely used technique to describe a file‘s
contents so that client software can tell the difference between different kinds of data.
8. DEFINE URL & URN.
URL
Uniform Recourse Locator is a way to unambiguously identify the location of a resource on the
Interned.
URI Uniform Resource Identifier is a string of characters in a particular syntax that identifies a
resource.
The resource identified may be a file on a server, but it may also be an email address, a news
message, b book, a person‘s name, an Internet host.
Syntax
Scheme: scheme-specific-part
Scheme types
data – base 64 encoded data included directly in a link
file – A file on a local disk
FTP – An FTP server
gopher – a Gopher server
mailto – an email address
news – A Usenet newsgroup
Telnet – A connection to a Telnet based service (only used in Remote Login System)
urn – Uniform Resource Name
9. EXPLAIN ABOUT URN
There are 2 types of URLs.
URL – Unform Resource Locaters (is a pointer to a particular resource on the Internet at a
particular location.)
URNs – Uniform Resource Name (is a name for a particular resource but without reference to a
particular location)
SYNTAX OF URN
urn:namespace:resource-name
namespace - is the name of a collection of certain kinds of resources maintained by some
authority.
resource-name – is the name of a resource within that collection.
10. WHAT IS MEANT BY RELATIVE URL?
URLs that are not complete but inherit pieces from their parent are called relative URL.
In contrast, a completely specified URL is called an absolute URL address.
11. EXPLAIN ABOUT SGML – STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP LANGUAGE
· HTML is an instance of SGML.
· SGML is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard, specifically ISO
8879:1986.
· SGML allows the user to create various user defined tags easily without any rules.
EXAMPLE 1 – FOR PRODUCT DETAILS
<PRODUCT MANUFACTURER=‖ABC COMPANY‖> -Assumed as record name
<NAME> KEY BOARD </NAME>
<TYPE> KEY BOARD </TYPE>
<PRICE> 1500 </PRICE>
</PRODUCT>
12. EXPLAIN ABOUT XML – EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
· Similar to SGML
· Allows the user to create any number of user defined tags.
· The value of an attribute may be enclosed in double of single quotes like this:
· <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> THIS IS CENTERED H1 HEADING </H1>
· STYLES can be introduced for XML program like CSS using XLS file(XML Style Sheet
program)
· Here XML styles are saved with an extension of .xls (XML style sheet)
· Using .xls files various styles can be given to the data which is inside the XML program.
13. LIST THE STEPS FUNCTIONS OF HTTP PROTOCOL.
Standard protocol for communication between web browsers and web servers.
HTTP specifies how a client and server establish a connection, how the client requests data from the
server, how the server responds to that request, and finally how the connection is closed.
HTTP 1.0 is the currently accepted version of the protocol. It uses MIME to encode data. The basic
protocol defines a sequence of 4 steps for each request from a client to the server.
Making the connection
Making a request
Receiving the response
Closing the connection
14. WHAT IS DOMAIN & MENTION DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOMAINS
Domain is a place where information is available.
DOMAIN NAME EXTENSION
.edu – Servers that provide Educational services
.gov – About the government of a country.
WEBTECHNOLOGY
.mil – Servers that provide military information.
.org – Provide information about the organizations in the world.
.com – Servers providing commercial services on the Internet.
15. WRITE THE FORMAT OF HTML PROGRAM
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> This is the Title </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
…. Type the body of the program
</BODY>
</HTML>
Note: All the tags in HTML program are optional, however the file should be saved in .html
extension.
16. MENTION SOME TEXT FORMATTING TAGS
<p> </p> - is used for introducing various paragraphs.
<br> - this tag is used for giving an empty blank line.
HEADING TAGS - <h1> </h1> .. <h6> </h6> is used to introduce various headings.
<h1> is the biggest and h6 is the smallest heading tag.
<HR> TAG – is used to draw lines and horizontal rules.
<B>,<I>,<U> for bold, italic and underline respectively.
17. EXPLAIN ABOUT LIST TAG.
TYPES OF LISTS
Unordered lists
Ordered lists
UNORDERED LISTS
It starts with <ul> and ends with </ul>
Attributes of Unordered lists
―A‖ will give A,B,C..
―a‖ will give a,b,c
―I‖ starts with Capital roman letters I,II,II…
―I‖ starts with small case roman letters
START: Alters the numbering sequence, can be set to any numeric value
VALUE: Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an ordered list
EXAMPLE
<OL TYPE = ―1‖ START = 5>
<LI> CSE </LI>
<LI> IT </LI>
</OL>
OUTPUT
5 CSE
6 IT
18. EXPLAIN THE ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG WITH AN EXAMPLE
A table is a two dimensional matrix, consisting of rows and columns. All table related tags are
included between <TABLE> </TABLE> tags.
<TABLE>
<TH> Heading </TH>
<TR> Row elements </TR>
<TD> Table data values </TD>
</TABLE>
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLE TAG
ALIGN Horizontal alignment is controlled by the ALIGN attribute. It can be set to LEFT, CENTER,
or RIGHT VALIGN Controls the vertical alignment of cell contents. It accepts the values TOP
MIDDLE or BOTTOM WIDTH Sets the WIDTH of a specific number of pixels or to a percentage of
the available screen width.
BORDER Controls the border to be placed around the table.
CELLPADING This attribute controls the distance between the data in a cell and the boundaries of
the cell
CELLSPACING Controls the spacing between adjacent cells
COLSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more columns
ROWSPAN Used to spilt the single cell to one or more rows.
EXAMPLE
<TABLE BORDER = 3 WIDTH = 100 HEIGHT = 200>
<TR>
<TH> Roll Number </TH>
<TH> Age </TH>
<TR>
<TR> <TD> 1 </TD> <TD 35 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
ALIGN: ALIGN = TOP, MIDDLE,BOTTOM
BORDER: Specifies the size of the border to place around the image.
WIDTH: Specifies the width of the image in pixels.
HEIGHT: Specifies the height of the image in pixels
HSPACE: Indicates the amount of space to the left and right of the image
VSPACE: Indicates the amount of apace to the top and bottom of the image.
19. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY COLUMN SPANNING AND ROW SPANNING?
Row spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more rows.
Column spanning is used to merge (combine) two or more columns.
20. MENTION THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKS
HTML allows linking to other HTML documents as well as images. There are 3 attributes that can
be introduced in BODY tag.
LINK – Changes the default color of a Hyperlink to whatever color is specified with this tag.
ALINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is activated to whatever color is specified
with this tag.
VLINK – Changes the default color of a hyperlink that is already visited to whatever color is
specified with this tag.
NOTE: User can specify the color name of a hyperlink or an equivalent hexadecimal number.
EXTERNAL LINKS
SYNTAX
<A HREF = ―location name‖> Hyper Text Message </A>
21. EXPLAIN IMAGE MAPS WITH ITS SYNTAX
When a hyperlink is created on an image, clicking on any part of the image will lead to opening
of the document specified in the <A HREF TAG>. Linked regions of an image map are called hot
regions and each hot region is associated with
a filename.html.
Syntax
<MAP NAME = ―map name‖>
ATTRIBUTES OF IMAGE MAPS
COORDS: Each of the above shapes takes different coordinates as parameters.
Rectangle – 4 coordinates (x1,y2,x3,y2)
POLYGON: 3 or more coordinates.
HREF – Takes the name of the .html file that s linked to the particular area on the
image.
<MAP NAME = ―fish.jpg‖>
<AREA SHAPE = ―rect‖ COORDS = ―52,65,122,89‖ HREF = ―sct.html‖>
</MAP>
22. EXPLAIN ABOUT HTML FORM TAG WITH ITS ATTRIBUTES.
HTML form provides several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing your site.
The syntax of the form is
<FORM METHOD = ―POST‖ ACTION = ―/cgi-bin/formail‖>
· The METHOD attribute indicates the way the web server will organize and send you the
form output.
· Use METHOD = ―post‖ in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when
updating a database.
· The ACTION attribute in the FORM tag is the path to this script; in this case, it is a
common script which emails form data to an address. Most Internet Service Providers will
have a script like this on their site.
23. MENTION THE VARIOUS FORM ELEMENTS
Various elements or controls can be created in FORM using <INPUT> tag. They are 1. Label 2.
Text box 3. Text Area 4. Radio button 5. Check box 6. List box 7. Command button 8. Scroll bars
24. WHAT IS THE USE OF FRAMES IN HTML GIVE THE SYNTAX OF FRAMES
Frames are used to call many html files at the same time. This can be done using <FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET> tags.
ATTRIBUTES OF FRAMES
ROWS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple rows. It can be set equal to a list
of values. Depending on the required size of each row. The values can
· A number of pixels
· Expressed as a percentage of the screen resolution
· The symbol *, which indicates the remaining space.
COLS – This attribute is used to divide the screen into multiple columns.
EXAMPLE
<FRAMESET ROWS = ―30%,*‖> => Divides the screen into 2 rows,
occupying the remaining space
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the first row into 2 equal
columns
<FRAME SRC = ―file1.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = ―file2.html‖>
<FRAMESET COLS = ―50%,50%‖> => Divides the second
row into 2 equal columns
<FRAME SRC = file3.html‖>
<FRAME SRC = file4.html‖>
</FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
25. What is the difference between node and host?
A node is any addressable device connected to a network whereas the host is a more specific
descriptor that refers to a networked general-purpose computer rather than a single purpose
device (such as a printer).
26. Define protocol.
A protocol is a formal set of rules that must be followed in order to communicate.
27. Define port.
A port is a logical channel to an application running on a host. ie., The applications running on
the host machines are uniquely identified by port numbers.
